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劳伦斯·阿尔玛-塔德玛(Lawrence Alma-Tadema)作品欣赏(一)

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 英国画家劳伦斯·阿尔玛-塔德玛(Lawrence Alma-Tadema)作品欣赏

 

 劳伦斯·阿尔玛-塔德玛(Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1836年1月8日—1912年6月25日)是英国维多利亚时代的知名画家,他的作品以豪华描绘古代世界(中世纪前)而闻名。

   阿尔玛-塔德玛生于荷兰的德龙赖普(Dronrijp),他的父亲彼得·塔德玛(Pieter Tadema)是一名公证人,在他4岁时便去世了。阿尔玛是他教父的名子,他的生母是他父亲的第二名妻子,家庭人口相当众多。家里原准备让他继承父业,但他表现出了对艺术的强烈偏好,因此将他送至安特卫普,在1852年进入了那里的艺术学院,并在亨德利克·利思(Hendrik Leys)的画室学习。在1859年他协助利思完成了安特卫普一间旅馆的壁画。1860年他也替自己画了一幅自画像。

   他第一幅成功的作品是《克洛维的儿子的幼年教育》(The Education of the Children of Clovis)(1861),在安特卫普被展出。隔年他在阿姆斯特丹取得了第一枚黄金勋章。
 

 

 The Education of the Children of Clovis《克洛维的儿子的幼年教育》(1861)
 
《克洛维的儿子的幼年教育》描绘死去的法国国王克洛维一世(Clovis I, 466-511)的三名儿子在母亲监督下练习掷斧,准备替父亲报仇。这是他以墨洛温王朝为主题所绘的一系列画作之一,当中最好的一幅是1878年的Fredegonda(在1880年展出),描绘被希尔佩里克一世(Chilperic I, 539-584)抛弃的妻子Audovera悲伤的看着希尔佩里克一世与新的情人Galeswintha结婚。在这一系列画作中显现出他对这些浪漫故事的强烈感触。当中最激情的一幅画是Fredegonda at the Death-bed of Praetextatus,描绘与希尔佩里克一世结婚不久的Galeswintha又遭抛弃,被新王后所派遣的几名主教们刺死,在床上垂死前还不断诅咒著的景象。
   另一系列特别的画作是以重现古代埃及生活为题材,这一系列的第一幅作品是1863年的Egyptians 3000 Years Ago,另一幅极具感伤力的作品是1873年的The Death of the Firstborn。
 

 The Death of the First Born (1873)
 
这一系列知名的画作还包括An Egyptian at his Doorway(1865)、The Mummy(1867)、The Chamberlain of Sesostris(1869)、A Widow(1873)、和Joseph, Overseer of Pharaoh's Granaries(1874)。阿尔玛-塔德玛花费极大心思研究并绘制这些以埃及生活为主题的场景,他热烈的艺术欲望开始朝向古希腊和古罗马的生活,尤其是以古罗马为主。他早期以古代为题材的知名画作是Tarquinius Superbus(1867)、Phidias and the Elgin Marbles(1868)、The Pyrrhic Dance(1868)和The Wine Shop(1869)。The Pyrrhic Dance是其中较简单的一幅画,但因为描绘了两人击剑的动作而相当特殊。The Wine Shop是他许多以历史为题材的画作之一,但由于画中带有幽默性而相当独特。
   1863年阿尔玛-塔德玛与一名法国女士Marie-Pauline Gressin de Boisgirard结婚(她也是1866-1868年间所绘的In The Peristyle的模特),替他生下两名女儿,并一起住在布鲁塞尔直到她于1869年去世。两名女儿—Laurence和Anna后来都相当知名—前者成为文学家、后者则是艺术家。1869年他将两幅画作:Un Amateur romain和Une Danse pyrrhique寄往英国的皇家艺术学院,并在1870年迁往伦敦。这时他除了在荷兰和比利时取得的荣誉外,他也在巴黎的沙龙画展和艺术博览会中取得许多奖章。1871年他与一名英国女士Laura Epps结婚,她也是一名知名的艺术家,两人结婚她也多次担任模特出现在阿尔玛-塔德玛的画中(1887年的The Women of Amphissa是最显著的例子)。在迁至英国后,阿尔玛-塔德玛继续画出许多成功的作品,这段期间的重要作品包括The Vintage Festival(1870)、The Picture Gallery and The Sculpture Gallery(1875)、An Audience at Agrippa's(1876)、The Seasons(1877)、Sappho(1881)、The Way to the Temple(1883)、Hadrian in Britain(1884)、The Apodyterium(1886)、The Woman of Amphissa(1887)。他最知名的作品还包括The Roses of Heliogabalus(1888)以恶名昭彰的罗马皇帝埃拉加巴卢斯(Heliogabalus)为题材、An Earthly Paradise(1891)、Spring(1894)。其他的作品大多是一些画布较小但非常精致的画作,如Gold-fish(1900)。
   在他的这些作品中,他借由花朵、质地和强烈的反射物质如金属、陶器、尤其是大理石等物质,将古代生活的场景融入当代的感觉,在画中赋予温和的情绪及幽默以取悦观看者。他也画了许多优秀的肖像画。阿尔玛-塔德玛在1873年入籍英国公民,并在维多利亚女王的81岁生日庆典上被封为爵士。他在1876年成为皇家艺术学院的准会员,并在1879年擢升为学士。
    对大理石的逼真描绘使他获得了“大理石画家”的绰号。阿尔玛-塔德玛是一名强壮、幽默和有点肥胖的绅士,他也相当喜爱饮酒、女人、和参加派对。
   阿尔玛-塔德玛留下了大量的画作和一间由大理石覆盖的大型画室给他的两名女儿。由于现代艺术的崛起,他的作品在20世纪的大部分年代里被鄙视为堕落颓废的艺术而完全遭忽略。直到20世纪末开始他的作品才又受到重视。
   阿尔玛-塔德玛为了作画而进行了许多考古学研究,包括对罗马建筑的研究,都非常严谨彻底,在他的画布上出现的每个罗马建筑都能符合以罗马时代的工具和建筑方法来建造。因此他的画作还被一些好莱坞的导演们用作布置场景的来源,以拍摄类似时代的电影。

作品列表

A Bath (古代的题材), 1876
A Birth Chamber, Seventeenth Century, 1868
A Coign Of Vantage, 1895 (最知名的最品之一)
A Collection of Pictures At The Time Of Augustus, 1867
A Declaration, 1883
A Dedication To Bacchus, 1889
A Difference Of Opinion, 1896
A Family Group, 1896
A Favourite Custom, 1909
A Female Figure Resting (日期未知, Op. 243 - 也被称为Dolce Far Niente)
A Greek Woman, 1869
A Harvest Festival, 1880 (也被称为A Dancing Bacchante At Harvest Time)
A Hearty Welcome, 1878
A Kiss, 1891
A Listener, 1899
A Picture Gallery, 1866
A Prize For The Artists' Corp (Wine), (日期未知)
A Pyrrhic Dance, 1869
A Reading From Homer, 1885
A Roman Art Lover, 1870
A Roman Emperor, AD 41, 1871
A Roman Scribe Writing Dispatches, (日期未知)
A Sculptor's Model, 1877 (也被称为Venus Esquilina)
A Sculpture Gallery, 1867
A Silent Greeting, 1889
A Street Altar, 1883
A Votive Offering, 1873
A World Of Their Own, 1905
After The Audience, 1879
Agrippina With The Ashes Of Germanicus, (日期未知, Op. 307)
An Audience, (date required)
An Earthly Paradise, 1891
An Exedra, 1869
An Oleander, 1882
Antony And Cleopatra, 1883
Architecture In Ancient Rome, 1877
Ask Me No More, 1896
Autumn, Vintage Festival, 1877
Ave, Caesar! Io, Saturnalia!, 1880
Bacchanale, 1871
Between Hope And Fear, 1876
Between Venus And Bacchus, 1882
Boating, 1868
Carcalla, 1902
Caracalla And Geta, 1909
Catullus At Lesbia's, 1865
Cherries, 1873
Comparisons, 1892
Confidences, 1869
Courtship, (date required)
Courtship - The Proposal, 1892
Death Of The Pharoah's Firstborn Son, 1872
Drawing Room, Holland Park, 1887
Dolce Far Niente, 1882 (在油画版的版本)
Egyptian Chess Players, 1865
Egyptian Juggler, 1870
Entrance To A Roman Theatre, 1866
Exhausted Maenides After The Dance, c.1873-1874
Expectations, 1885
Faust And Marguerite, 1857
Flag Of Truce, 1900 (op. 358, 签名为Artist's War Fund 1900)
Flora, 1877 (也被称为Spring In The Gardens Of The Villa Borghese)
From An Absent One, 1871
Gallo-Roman Women, 1865
God Speed!, 1893
Golden Hour, 1897
Hadrian Visiting A Romano-British Pottery, 1884
Hero, 1898
Hopeful, 1909
In My Studio, 1893
In The Peristyle, 1866
In The Tepidarium, 1881
In The Temple, 1871
In The Time Of Constantine, 1878
Interior Of Caius Martius's House, 1901
Interior Of The Church Of San Clemente, Rome, 1863
Interrupted, 1880
Joseph, Overseer Of The Pharoah's Granaries, 1874
Leaving Church In The Fifteenth Century, 1864
Lesbia Weeping Over A Sparrow, 1866
Love's Jewelled Fetter, 1895
Love's Votaries, 1891
Maria Magdalena, 1854
Master John Parsons Millet, 1889
Maurice Sens, 1896
Midday Slumbers, (日期未知)
Miss Alice Lewis, 1884
Mrs Frank D. Millet, 1886
Mrs George Lewis And Her Daughter Elizabeth, 1899
My Studio, 1867
Ninety-Four In The Shade, 1876
Not At Home, 1879
On The Road To The Temple Of Ceres, 1879
Pandora, 1881
Pastimes In Ancient Egypt, 3,000 Years Ago, 1863
Phidias Showing The Frieze Of The Parthenon To His Friends, 1868
Pleading, 1876
Poetry, 1879
Portrait Of A Woman, 1902
Portrait Of Aime-Jules Dalou, His Wife And Daughter, 1876
Portrait Of Anna Alma-Tadema, 1883
Portrait Of Ignacy Jan Paderewski, 1891
Portrait Of Miss Laura Theresa Epps (模特为他女儿) (日期未知)
Portrait Of Mrs Charles Wyllie, (日期未知)
Portrait Of The Singer George Henschel, 1879
Pottery Painting, 1871
Preparation In The Coliseum, 1912 (Op. 408)
Preparations For The Festivities, 1866
Proclaiming Claudius Emperor, 1867
Promises Of Spring, 1890
Prose, 1879
Resting, 1882
Sappho And Alcaeus, 1881
Sculptors In Ancient Rome, 1877
Self Portrait, 1852
Self Portrait, 1896
Shy (date required, Op. 249)
Silver Favourites, 1903
Spring, 1894
Spring Flowers, (date required)
Strigils And Sponges, 1879
Summer Offering, 1911 (也被称为Young Girl With Roses)
Sunshine, (日期未知)
Tarquinius Superbus, 1867
The Baths Of Caracalla, 1899
The Colosseum, 1986
The Conversion Of Paula By Saint Jerome, 1898
The Crossing Of The River Berizina -1812, c.1859-1869
The Death Of Hippolytus, 1860
The Drawing Room At Townshend House, 1885
The Discourse, (日期未知)
The Education Of The Children Of Clovis, 1861
The Epps Family Screen, 1870-1871
The Favourite Poet, 1888
The Finding Of Moses, 1904
The Flower Market, 1868
The Frigidarium, 1890
The Honeymoon, 1868
The Massacre Of The Monks Of Tamond, 1855
The Parting Kiss, 1882
The Picture Gallery, 1874
The Roman Potter, 1884
The Roman Wine Tasters, 1861
The Roses Of Heliogabalus, 1888 (Op. 283)
The Sculpture Gallery, 1874
The Siesta, 1868
The Soldier Of Marathon (在油画版的版本) (日期未知, Op. 300)
The Soldier Of Marathon (在油画布的版本, date required)
The Triumph Of Titus, 1885
The Vintage Festival, 1870
The Voice Of Spring, 1910
The Way To The Temple, 1882
The Women Of Amphissa, 1887
The Year's At The Spring, All's Right With The World, 1902
This Is Our Corner, 1873 (也被称为Laurense And Anna Alma-Tadema)
Thou Rose Of All The Roses, 1883
Tibullus At Delia's, 1866
Unconscious Rivals, 1893
Under The Roof Of Blue Ionian Weather, 1903
Unwelcome Confidences, 1902
Vain Courtship, 1900
Venantius Fortunatus Reading His Poems To Radegonda VI, 1862
Water Pets, (日期未知)
Welcome Footsteps, 1883
When Flowers Return, 1911
Whispering Noon, 1896
Who Is It?, 1884
Xanthe And Phaon, 1883  
作品欣赏


  The Finding of Moses(1904)
 


  The Favourite Poet(1888)
 


Welcome Footsteps(1883)

 


 The Death of the First Born (1873)

 


  The Frigidarium(1890)

 


  The Flower Market(1868)

  


  Silver Favourites(1903)

 


  Stirgils and Sponges(1879)

 


  Spring(1894)

 


  The Baths of Caracalla(1899)

 


 The Sculpture Gallery(1874)
 


 The Year's at the Spring. All's Right with the World
 


 Vespasian Hearing from One of His Generals of the Taking of 
 


 The Women of Amphissa
 


Water Pets 
 


  The Vintage Festival
 


 Sunshine

 


  Whispering Noon

 


  Sappho and Alcaeus
 

  Summer Offering
 

  Xanthe and Phaon
 

  Proclaiming Claudius Emperor

 


  Who Is It

 


Prose


  Resting

 


 The Golden Hour

 

The Parting Kiss


 Tarquinius Superbus


 The Apodyterium
 

 

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