《哈姆雷特》独白汉译赏析

HAMLET

哈姆雷特

William Shakespeare

威廉·莎士比亚

ACT III SCENE I 

行号

第三幕第一场

To be, or not to be: that is the question:            

 Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer

 The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

 Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,

 And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep—

 No more — and by a sleep to say we end            

 The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks

 That flesh is heir to: ’tis a consummation

 Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep:

 To sleep, perchance to dream: ay, there’s the rub,

 For in that sleep of death what dreams may come  

 When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

 Must give us pause: there’s the respect

 That makes calamity of so long life,

 For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,  

 The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely,

 The pangs of despised love, the law’s delay,

 The insolence of office and the spurns

 That patient merit of the unworthy takes,

 When he himself might his quietus make       

 With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear,

 To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

 But that the dread of something after death,

 The undiscover’d country from whose bourn

 No traveller returns, puzzles the will          

 And makes us rather bear those ills we have

 Than fly to others that we know not of?

 Thus conscience does make cowards of us all:

 And thus the native hue of resolution

 Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,

 And enterprises of great pith and moment

 With this regard their currents turn awry,

 And lose the name of action. Soft you now,

 The fair Ophelia! — Nymph, in thy orisons

 Be all my sins remember’d.

62

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

是生，还是死，这正是问题所在：

哪一种选择更高贵

是默然忍受厄运的矣石交攻，

还是拔剑直面那重重困难，

通过反抗来了断这一切？死去，睡去，

仅此而已；倘若一觉睡去就能了结

内心的痛苦，以及千万种

肉身所承受的苦痛，这种结局

正是梦寐以求的。死去，睡去，

睡着了，也许还做梦：唉，问题就在这里；

因为一旦摆脱了尘世的羁绊，

在死后的睡眠中会做什么梦，

想到这点，我们就踌躇不定：这一点顾虑

使我们宁愿忍受漫长的苦难人生。

假如一个人仅用一把短刀

就能了断身前身后的孽债，

谁甘愿忍受世间的鞭挞与嘲讽，

压迫者的欺负、傲慢者的侮辱，

失恋的痛苦、正义的迟误，

官员的骄横、以及贤德之士

反要默受小人的欺辱？谁又甘愿背负重担，

在生活的重压下，呻吟、流汗，

若不是从死亡那个神秘的

国度，没有一个旅人回来过，

对身后处境的恐惧使心志迷惘，

使我们宁愿忍受现世的苦难，

也不愿飞身投向未知的磨难。

于是，思前想后使我们成了懦夫，

就这样，赤诚的果决之心，

也因思虑蒙上一层苍白的病容，

于是，诸多待举的宏图大业，

也因这个缘故改变了方向，

失去了行动的名分。嘿，等一下，

美丽的奥菲莉雅！女神啊，你祈祷时，

记着替我忏悔罪孽。

郭生虎译于西院塔楼2014年3月10日