哥特式教堂的一些术语和词汇
The Vocabulary of Gothic Architecture
1. Pinnacle: A sharply pointed ornament capping the piers墩；支柱 or flying buttresses飞扶壁; also used on cathedral facades.
1.房顶尖塔，支墩或飞扶壁顶上的尖尖的装饰物；也用于大教堂的外墙。
2. Flying buttresses: Masonry struts that transfer the thrust of the nave殿堂 vaults拱顶 across the roofs of the side aisles and ambulatory to a tall pier rising above the church's exterior wall. Compare the cross-section of Beauvais Cathedral.
2.飞扶壁 ： 也称扶拱垛 ，
亚眠大教堂的双层飞扶壁
3. Vaulting web: The masonry blocks that fill the area between the ribs of a groin vault.
4. Diagonal rib: In plan, one of the ribs that form the X of a groin vault.
对角拱柱（十字肋）（A diagonal rib of a Gothic vault. 哥特式穹顶的对角拱柱）
5. Transverse rib: A rib that crosses the nave（教堂）殿堂；中殿 or aisle走廊 at a 90-degree angle.
横肋，
6. Springing: The lowest stone of an arch; in Gothic vaulting, the lowest stone of a diagonal or transverse rib.
拱底石。拱的最底下的石头。在哥特式的穹顶中，指十字肋或者横肋的最底的石头。
7. Clerestory: The windows below the vaults that form the nave elevation's uppermost level. By using flying buttresses and rib vaults on pointed arches, Gothic architects could build huge clerestory windows and fill them with stained glass held in place by ornamental stonework called tracery.
高窗：位于穹顶的下方，构成了中殿的最高部分，通过在尖拱上使用飞扶壁和肋穹顶，哥特式建筑可以建起巨大的天窗，里面装饰有彩绘玻璃和石雕。
8. Oculus: A small round window.
看图你就懂了。感觉大穹顶上的眼和墙上的圆窗都可以叫oculus。
9. Lancet: A tall, narrow window crowned by a pointed arch.
又窄又高有个尖拱的窗。细长的窗户被称为“柳叶窗”，圆形的则被称为“玫瑰窗”
10. Triforium: The story in the nave elevation consisting of arcades, usually blind , but occasionally filled with stained glass).
教堂拱门上的三拱式拱廊
11. Nave arcade: The series of arches supported by piers separating the nave from the side aisles.
中殿连拱，一组由支柱支撑的拱，分开了中殿和侧廊。
12. Compound pier with shafts (responds): Also called the cluster pier, a pier with a group, or cluster, of attached shafts, or responds, extending to the springing of the vaults.
（composite pier）
附加
Four common types of vault. A barrel vault (also called a cradle vault, tunnel vault, or wagon vault) has a semicircular cross section. A groin (or cross) vault is formed by the perpendicular intersection of two barrel vaults. A rib (or ribbed) vault is supported by a series of arched diagonal ribs that divide the vault’s surface into panels. A fan vault is composed of concave sections with ribs spreading out like a fan.
Pointed arch尖拱
groin vault 交叉拱
norman arch 诺曼式拱券
molding
rib 拱肋
facade正面外墙
ambulatory半圆回廊
apse(尤指)教堂半圆形的后殿
chapel礼拜堂
cathedral 天主教堂，大教堂
church （泛指）教堂
altar 圣坛 祭坛
capital柱头
arcade 联拱
abacus(圆柱)顶板
